Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Water Environmental Issue

Introduction to water environmental issue:

Water environmental issue determines the pollution occurred in the environment. The pollution in the environment causes due to the non dissolved solvents. The impurities in the water are dissolved in the water and some of the solvent are suspended in the water. The impurities like clay particles, micro organisms and various algae and fungi are found in the water.

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Water environmental issue:


The water environment contains the biotic and also abiotic components. The water environmental issues contain the following factors.

1)  Effects on the aquatic ecosystem

2)  Eutrophication

3)  Biological magnification


Effect on aquatic ecosystem:


The inorganic and organic substances enters into the aquatic ecosystems reduce the oxygen content.
Sufficient amount of oxygen is required for aquatic organisms.
Aquatic system is affected due to environmental issues.
More oxygen is used up in decomposition of organic waste.
The measurement of the amount of oxygen required for decomposition of biodegradable substances.
The water includes the biodegradable and also non biodegradable pollutants.
Thus, the pollution of water increases the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases.
Moreover some toxic pollutants directly kill some organisms.

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Eutrophication:


Eutrophication means an easy availability of nutrients in an aquatic habitat.
The habitat in the ecosystem is affected due to the water environmental issue.
The inorganic and organic substances are added to water, the availability of nutrients increases.
When sewage, fertilizers and detergents are added to water, the growth of the micro organisms and aquatic vegetation is stimulated.
Algae and blue green- algae are completely spread over the entire water surface and generate a foul smell and toxic taste- spoiling substances.
A large number of fishes are died in some times.
With the passage of time, the water reservoirs become shallow and ultimately get filled up.
In this way the lifespan of the anthropogenic water reservoirs is limited.

Global Warming and Climate Change

A Detailed Study on Global Warming and Climate Changes:

Yes the heat is finally on. Global warming and Climate Change are no longer terms in scientific dissertations and schoolbooks, they have actually begun impacting our daily lives striking close to home. Years of neglect and complete disregard for the environment are now making its presence felt. The primary reason for this has been the relentless progress of mankind at the expense of nature and other species inhabiting the planet. Till a few centuries ago, all was well, with peaceful cohabitation of all. With the advent of engines, automobiles, industrialization …all of this has led to unprecedented levels of pollution in the atmosphere.

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Relation between Global Warming and Climatic Changes:

The accumulation of toxic gases in the atmosphere, as a result of automobile and factory emissions especially over the last few decades, has led to an accelerated rate of environmental degeneration. The delicate balance of ecology which meant that every single green leaf and tiny insect had a role to play, has been totally thrown into disarray, inundated by effluents and emissions, sometimes teetering on the brink of obliteration. This total disruption of nature’s cycles has led to a corresponding change in climate as well. The toxic gases in the atmosphere trap heat, which leads to rising of temperature across land and oceans which we call global warming. This in turn leads to disruption in the timely onset of seasonal rainfall and expected weather changes. Thus winters are either prolonged or excessively cold or cut abruptly short without any discernible drop in temperature. Summers can be terribly warm and enervating with unnatural untimely storms that suddenly blow over creating destruction in its wake. Tidal waves, unprecedented torrential rainfall, heavy blizzards, dust storms, hurricanes,  twisters....it seems as though Nature has unleashed her fury on a callous mankind who is hell bent on desecration.


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Both global warming and climate change are interlinked. Each impacts the other and is at once both a cause and an effect. But the root cause is the mindless destruction of the environment by unplanned human activity. No one had the foresight to realize that the great advances made in science and technology needed to have a planned execution with a system of checks and balances incorporated so as not to disturb the natural world. In the clash between Nature and Science, Nature has borne most of the brunt of population explosion, human activity and advancement. Global warming and climate change are a direct fallout of this clash. Drastic measures have to be taken to save the planet as time is running out.

Thursday, May 2, 2013

Sodium Formula Weight

Introduction to sodium formula weight:

The sum of the atomic weights for all the atoms present is the formula weight. The molecular weight is referred to as the formula weight, where the individual units of a number of covalent compounds are molecules. The formula weight of sodium remains usually equivalent to the atomic weight in the case of sodium, because sodium is a diatomic molecule and not a compound. The formula weight of sodium is hence equivalent to the molar mass, previously termed as formula weight, the relative molar mass.


Formula weight of sodium


is a quantity that is computed by the multiplication of atomic weight of each element by a number of atoms in a chemical formula of that element that is present in the formula and then sum of all the products together. Formula weights help in the determination of relative weight of the reagents and the products of a chemical reaction. Formula weight calculated will be equivalent to the molecular weight, when the molar mass calculation formula is the molecular formula. Formula weight is the weight of all the atoms in a given formula in atomic mass units. To simplify formula weight of a substance is its gram molecular weight.


Formula weight of sodium formula weight:


Sodium has a molar mass, which is the average molecular weight based on isotropically weighted averages of 22.989770 g/mol. Sodium has an atomic number of eleven and the molar mass is calculated on the basis of the atomic weight. In the case of stoichiometric calculations, determination of molar mass is usually practised that determines standard atomic weight. The formula weight of a sodium molecule can be determined by the atomic weight of the sodium, since sodium molecule is not a compound, but is an element with two sodium atoms bonded together.


Conclusion on sodium formula weight:


Sodium, which is a diatomic molecule, is commonly available in nature in the form of its compounds, a diatomic molecule of sodium has a formula weight of 22.98.770, which is equivalent to the atomic weight in case of sodium, since it is an element, and a molecule of sodium has two sodium atoms. Formula weights of various compounds of sodium may be calculated by the addition of the individual atomic weights of the different atoms present.

Simple Energy Experiments

Introduction to simple energy experiments:
The energy means the capacity to do work. The energy of every object is depends on the work done by that object. If more is the work done by the object then more is the energy in the object and vice versa. There are several types of energy. The work and the energy are the equivalent form of each other so that the unit of energy and the work is same. The energy is a scalar quantity. There are so many experiments based on the energy. Here we discuss some of the simple experiments based on the energy.


Simple energy experiments:


Here first we discuss a water energy experiment. This is one of the simplest experiment based on the water energy, it also gives an idea of power of sun and harvesting by the solar energy in our daily life. The main materials required are large bowl from the kitchen, any clean plastic sheet, a drinking glass, some amount of table salt, any food colour, ordinary tap water and a small stone. Mix the food colour and the table salt in the water. Now place the glass in the centre of the large bowl. Now cover the bowl containing the glass with the plastic sheet. The plastic sheet is little loose on the mouth of the bowl. Now place the small stone at the centre of the plastic sheet so that the stone dip in the plastic sheet and it is exactly above the glass. Now place the whole set up in the sun light.

Here we observed that the plastic sheet and the salty coloured water trap the heat energy from the sun so that the temperature of the bowl containing water increases. Now the result is the evaporation of water from the salty and coloured solution. The water vapour reaches the plastic sheet and then condensed at just below the stone and runs down in the glass. This is the water free from the colour and the salt.


Concluding simple energy experiments:


This shows that how the solar energy works to purify the water and how the plants get the water for the harvesting. Because the solar energy is the renewable source of energy and it is free of cost so we use this method on the large scale to purify the water.

Protect Wood From Water

Introduction to protect wood from water:

Mostly at home the decorative articles and things of daily use are made of wood. Things like your simple chairs to expensive sofa, from basic doors to elaborate and antic cupboard.These things bring about a warmth and serenity in the house but can be the most important things for usage saving us from  the official or hospital look in our house.at times it not easy to save and restore the wood items from unwanted elements.

Some varieties of wood have a natural ability to deter decay or rot . For other few we can coat them with preservatives to make them more durable. Redwood and Cedar are some durable species, commonly used for wood exposed outdoors, such as siding, shakes and shingles, decks, furniture, and fences. These types of wood have natural chemicals which impart durability.The natural chemicals are present in the heartwood of the tree.

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Protection of wood from water


The materials that made from durable wood and are naturally resistant to decay are the best option for a long run and households . However there are many softwood with are great to make articles from but are not that durable .Durability and resistance can be induced by usage of synthetic factory made resistant.

These days there are many products aimed for different kinds of protection from UV to moisture , to decay and infestation. These not only protect the wood article from attacks but also preserves it for future and increases the life .

Keep the wood clean and make sure it does not go under any unnecessary strains.If it is a working surface usage of acrylic top is always a good idea .It should be kept in m in that treatment done on the wood is not forever so it should be repeated in the stipulated time .

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Advantages of Water-Repellent Preservatives


Retard decay in above-ground applications
Decrease raised grain, checking, warping, and splitting
Inhibit mildew growth on both painted and unpainted wood
Retard iron stain
Stop extractive bleed
Improve paint adhesion

Prevention steps at home


As it is said prevention is better than cure, any household having a great number of wooden items should keep a few things in mind.

Always keep a check on the leaks and cracks in your home; it is the place from where moisture can seep into the wood.

Windows, doors and awning are the most exposed area made of wood – they should be painted over with good quality weather resistant paint and polish .The doors and windows should be checked for swellings and cracks. Swelling and cracks is sign that the moisture has been absorbed by the wood and can cause damage to them. It may even cause breakage and make it suitable for termite infestation.

Attic and Plumbing vents can form leakage and water logging. The ever required indoor plumbing can also cause the mater water leakage and damping in a home. They should be checked regularly for blocking, leakage and breakage.

Keep check on the humidity level inside your home . Also rust formation also should be noted .This moisture can slowly get absorbed into the wood and decrease the life span of the artifact.

Wednesday, May 1, 2013

What is Global Management

Global management is the ability of a company to function from any part of its country, and have access throughout the world, through the establishment of branches in those other places. The world has been shrunk with the innovation of telecommunication. Likewise, global management has become more suitable for today’s fast paced life.

Introduction on What is Global Management

Global management deals with handling of people who belong to different culture, region and languages. Marketing strategies have to modified based on the above. Global management techniques help in developing such skills.
Outsourcing is a kind of global management that has been taking place for a long time. People in different parts of the world, are employed to do a particular work that belongs to some other region of the world. To efficiently handle such work people must be aware of the culture, language, and life of others. Global management plays a vital role in preparing employees for such situation.

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Role of Multinational Companies in Global management:

Multinational companies:- The name itself suggests that the companies are run in more than one country. These are some of the fine examples to talk about global management.

Multinational companies have branches in several countries and they promise products and goods as equal as the ones manufactured in their own country. To ensure this, they have to train their employees about the global management so that they meet the required

quality in the job specified. For example, KFC [Kentucky fried chicken] has its branches in so many countries, and they provide the similar quality and services in all those countries. Those who wish to work for these should be able to learn and know the standards of the company in its original place. Global management helps in teaching these standards.

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Global management and job opportunity


In conclusion, global management has become the need of the hour as it caters to the needs of the people of the world. One can undergo training and become better global managers thereby increasing their scope of getting a right job in the global market.

Since the market is very large, it has the potential to provide work to large number of people, by governing them from their own country.

What is Runoff Pollution

What is runoff pollution?

Runoff pollution is nonpoint source of pollution in our environment.  It basically is water from rain, polluted by cigarette butts, used oil, paint, fertilizers and pesticides, dirt and dust, trash, automotive fluids, rubber and metal deposits from tire wear, antifreeze and engine oil that has dropped onto the pavement, pesticides and fertilizers, and discarded cups, plastic bags, lawn and garden clippings and pet waste. Rainwater or melting snow washes off roads, bridges, parking lots, rooftops, and other impermeable surfaces and more prone to pollutants of surroundings .

It directly flows into rivers and lakes. It is one of the main reasons for pollution of water bodies harming fish and aquatic habitats. It is totally different from Sanitary Sewer because it is not treated and filtered in wastewater treatment plant but goes directly into lakes, rivers and the ocean.

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Reasons for Runoff Pollution:


There are many natural and artificial reasons of this kind of pollution. Among natural reasons Atmospheric deposition and hydro modification are main sources.

Natural erosion plays a vital role in causing runoff pollution but this process is a slow and gradual process while manmade causes are rapid and far more harmful.  Natural erosion cause only soil sediment not metal and chemical particle sediment.
Deforestation leaves soil exposed and unprotected to be quickly washed away in the rain.
Heavy metal particles and pesticides along with soil are also transported by wind and water and deposited in beds of river. These particles cause harmful chemical balance of aquatic life by degrading the water quality.  These agents are main contributors to runoff pollution. Runoff pollution reduces amount of oxygen into water. Again these heavy metal particles come from natural as well as human made situations. Their natural source is mineral rocks, salt, san and vegetation etc while they also come from vehicles exhaust, paint and rust. Metal particles are far more harmful than soil particles. They intoxicate the the aquatic life and potentially endanger aquatic life


Effects of Runoff Pollution


Effects of Runoff pollution are very harmful and not easily assessable.

Runoff pollution produces sediment because soil particles are eroded from the land surface and transported to water bodies. Soil particles settle out of the water in a lake, river and prevents sunlight from reaching aquatic plants and animals.
Runoff pollution makes river and ocean water unsafe for humans and wildlife as well.  In some area, it becomes so serious that beaches have to be closed. The most harmful effect is contamination of drinking water. Runoff pollution directly goes into rivers, which are main sources of drinking water.
Fish stocks are also affected, many fishes die due to contamination of water bodies. It harms aquatic life by disturbing photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and reproduction.
Chemicals such as phosphates become more harmful for aquatic wildlife when it is added to dirt and oil particles. They cause algae production. Algae cause eutrophication of water bodies and reduce oxygen mixed in water while decaying process.

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Measure to be taken to control Runoff Pollution


Increasing awareness in common people.
Good maintenance of vehicles so that oil and engine fluids are not poured on roads and pavements and engine leaks is also repaired immediately.
Using approved motor oil.
Keeping weather forecast for rain in mind so that chemicals or fertilizer do not wash away with the rain.