Adding Acid to Water

Introduction on adding acid to water:

Acid: The sour taste of lemon is due to the presence of an acid in it. The acid present in lemon which gives it a sour taste is citric acid. Acids are those chemical substances which have a sour taste. They change the color of blue litmus to red. Some of the common fruits such as raw mango, raw grapes, lemon, orange and tamarind etc are sour in taste due to the presence of acids in them. Soured milk also contains acid in it.

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Concentrated acid and dilution


A concentrated acid is one which contains the minimum possible amount of water in it. The concentration of an acid is decreased by adding more water in it. When water is added to a concentrated acid, then a dilute acid is formed. Thus, a dilute acid is one which contains much more of water in it. So, a concentrated acid can be diluted by adding more water into it.

The term dilution stands for making the water more in an concentrated acid. The process of mixing the concentrated acid with water is highly exothermic, i.e. a lot of heat energy is produced. There uttermost care should be taken while diluting an concentrated acid, they should be mixed with each gradually with constant stirring. However, in no case, the water should be directly added into acid.

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Impact in the observer


When we add a concentrated acid into water for preparing a dilute acid, then the heat evolved is gradual and it can be absorbed by the water being added to the concentrated acid. So, As a result there is no liberation of energy, which can cause harmful impact on the observer.

On the other hand, if  water is added to directly with  concentrated acid to dilute it, then the amount of heat energy evolved is immense. Due to large heat energy , the water is changed into steam, that can cause the splashing of water-acid mixture and cause severe burns. Even the glass container may break due to excessive heating.

Therefore, one has to be very alert while adding an acid to water. As, it could be an extremely dangerous affair.