What Minerals are in Marble

Introduction on minerals in marble:

Marble is a type of rock widely used in buildings, monuments, and sculptures. The word marble is from a Greek word ‘marmaros’ which means shining stone. According to geologists, marble is a non-foliated, granular metamorphic rock. Marble is found in many countries, such as Belgium, France, Great Britain, Greece, India, Italy, Spain etc.  Marbles are formed by the metamorphism of limestone and dolostone. The word metamorphism means ‘change in form’ and the metamorphic rock is formed by the transformation of an existing rock type, such as sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock.

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Minerals present in Marbles


The formation of marble is from limestone by heat and pressure in the earth's crust. These forces cause the limestone to change its texture and makeup, which is known as recrystallization. Marble is the metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Impurities present in the limestone during recrystallization are responsible for the mineral composition of the marble that forms. These minerals present due to the impurities give marble wide variety of colours. The purest calcite marble is white whereas the marble containing hematite has a reddish colour. The marble with serpentine is green and the marble with limo nite is yellow.

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Calcite and Dolomite minerals in marbles


Calcite is a carbonate mineral and it is the most stable polymorph (having more than one crystal structure) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The minerals aragonite and vaterite are the other polymorphs. Vaterite is less stable among the three and Aragonite changes to calcite at 470 °C.

Dolomite is the name of a mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals.  The mineral dolomite crystallizes in the trigonal-rhombohedral system and forms white, gray to pink, commonly curved crystals, although it is usually massive. The physical properties of Dolomite are similar to those of the mineral calcite. But Dolomite does not rapidly dissolve or effervesce (fizz) in dilutehydrochloric acid unless it is scratched or in powdered form.