What is a Pure Solvent

Introduction to what is a pure solvent:

Solvent may be defined as the ability of a substance to dissolve another substance within and determined by their molecular structure compatibility. Solvents are usually organic and inorganic solvents.

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Water as pure solvent:


Water, apart from being an ideal solvent because of its intermolecular structure, its compactly packed structures facilitates easy movement as in the case of osmosis, movement from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. Water is usually appearing in its pure state, almost a pure solvent, unless distillated. For instance, dissolving of sodium chloride or potassium nitrate in pure water, a pure solvent, lowers the freezing point irrespective of the salt added. The freezing point remains the same upon addition of either of the solutes provided in equal molar amounts.

Molecules of pure aromatic organic solvents have a structure of benzene ring in them. Few examples of pure aromatic solvents are benzene, xylene and toluene. Pure aromatic organic solvents are usually used in the degreasing, used as thinners, for paint manufacturing, printing inks, agricultural chemicals and insecticides.


Other properties of pure solvent


The boiling point of a pure solvent is lower than the boiling point of the solution. Hence, the use of a solution rather than the pure solvent as in antifreeze helps in keeping the mixture from boiling in a hot automobile engine. The solution’s freezing point is decreased by the presence of a solute relative to that of a pure solvent. Taking an example of pure water that freezes at 0oC and when ten grams of sodium chloride is dissolved, the freezing point of the resulting salt solution is less by 5.9oC. Vapour pressure of a solvent as stated by the Raoult’s law is equal to the vapour pressure of a solution of a non-volatile solute divided by its mole fraction.

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Conclusion on what is a pure solvent:


A pure solvent, like water, which is a universal solvent due to the intermolecular structures, is widely used. Organic pure solvents, which are aromatic like benzene, toluene, and xylene, have a benzene ring structure. The colligative properties of solutions differ from pure solvents due to its property of depending upon the number of solutes present in a solution, irrespective of the solutes present.